What is Bariatric Surgery?

Bariatric surgery functions as a medical procedure which helps individuals with extreme obesity lose weight. The program enables patients to shed weight while enhancing their overall health status and life satisfaction. Multiple patients experience medication reduction or complete discontinuation of their drugs which include diabetes and high blood pressure treatments following their surgical procedure. The surgeon performs bariatric surgery by decreasing stomach size and rerouting sections of the digestive tract. The stomach reaches fullness more quickly which leads to reduced food intake. Because bariatric surgery is a major procedure, it is usually only offered when diet and exercise have not worked.

Who is eligible for Bariatric Surgery?

  1. Age and BMI: Bariatric surgery is usually for adults (age 18 or over) with a very high body mass index (BMI).The UK requires patients to have a BMI of 40 or more for treatment access and patients with a BMI between 35 and 40 who suffer from severe obesity-related health problems such as type 2 diabetes or high blood pressure. 
  2. Previous weight loss attempts: The patient must have undergone previous weight loss attempts through healthy eating and exercise and medical treatments which did not produce any results. Surgery serves as a backup plan that doctors use when diet and exercise have not resulted in lasting weight reduction.
  3. Commitment to lifestyle changes: The success of treatment demands patients to establish permanent changes in their eating habits and physical activity routines. Patients require continuous medical surveillance after their surgical procedure according to their surgeon's instructions for both dietary and physical activity restrictions. The surgery needs these lifelong changes to achieve successful outcomes. 

Types of Bariatric Surgery

Gastric band

The procedure inserts a flexible silicone ring around the stomach's upper section to form a restricted food storage area above the band.  The pouch quickly reaches its maximum capacity which causes patients to experience fullness after eating small amounts of food. The band connects to a port which exists beneath the skin surface and doctors use this port to adjust the band tension through fluid injection or removal. Weight loss with a gastric band is usually slower; on average patients lose around half of their excess weight with this method.  The surgery is reversible (the band can be removed) if needed.

Gastric bypass

The surgeon creates a small stomach pouch at the upper section of the stomach by using specialized staplers during a gastric bypass procedure. The surgeon attaches the newly formed pouch to a part of the small intestine which lies further down the digestive tract. Food now bypasses most of the stomach and the first part of the gut.The body processes food differently which results in reduced calorie absorption and produces a sense of fullness at lower food portions. Gastric bypass produces superior weight loss results because patients lose two-thirds of their extra weight while the procedure remains permanent unlike the other operation. 

Sleeve gastrectomy

The surgical procedure removes approximately 80 percent of the stomach to create a slim sleeve-shaped stomach structure. The surgical procedure which eliminates most of the stomach causes people to experience fast fullness after eating only a few bites of food. The surgical procedure reduces appetite hormone levels which assists in controlling hunger. The weight loss procedure known as sleeve gastrectomy produces two-thirds of excess weight reduction in patients. The surgical procedure creates a permanent change in the body's structure which resembles the effects of bypass surgery.

Gastric balloon

A gastric balloon is a temporary, non-surgical option. A deflated soft balloon is inserted into the stomach through the mouth using an endoscope. Once in place, the balloon is filled with saline (sterile salt water). The balloon takes up space in the stomach so that the patient feels full much sooner. This helps the patient eat less during the months the balloon is in place. The balloon is usually removed after about six 

Procedure and Recovery

Most bariatric surgeries are done under general anaesthetic (the patient is asleep) and often by keyhole (laparoscopic) surgery. In keyhole surgery, the surgeon makes a few small incisions in the abdomen and uses a camera (laparoscope) to guide the instruments111.wales.nhs.uk. Keyhole surgery generally causes less pain and leads to a quicker recovery than a large open cut. After the operation, patients typically stay in hospital for 1–3 days and need about 4–6 weeks to fully recover.

In the weeks after surgery, eating and drinking must be changed. Patients start on a liquid diet (water and thin drinks) for a few days, then gradually introduce pureed or soft foods.. Over about 12 weeks they slowly move to normal foods, but in much smaller portions. For example, by three months most people eat three small meals a day (about the size of a side plate each) plus one or two small snacks. It is very important to chew food well, eat slowly and avoid drinking liquids during meals. Alcohol is usually avoided altogether, especially in the early months. Patients also have scheduled follow-up visits with their surgeon or dietitian for months or years after surgery to check progress and nutrition.

Benefits and Risks of Bariatric Surgery

  1. Improved health: Most patients lose a large amount of weight. This often improves or resolves obesity-related health problems. For example, many people with type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure or sleep apnea see these conditions improve or even disappear. Losing weight this way may also increase life expectancy by around 8–10 years. Many patients can reduce or stop medicines for these conditions after surgery.
  2. Surgical safety: Modern bariatric surgery is generally very safe. The risk of dying from the operation is extremely low (about 0.05%) kingedwardvii.co.uk. Common surgical complications are also uncommon. For example, about 1 in 20 patients gets an infection and about 1 in 100 may develop a blood clot in the leg or lung. The chance of serious problems is generally less than for many routine surgeries.
  3. Side effects: Some patients do have side effects from the operation. For instance, acid reflux (heartburn) can occur after a sleeve gastrectomy, and some people may have loose or frequent stools after a gastric bypass.  These side effects are usually managed by diet changes or medicines under the doctor’s care. Another common issue is excess skin after major weight loss. This can be bothersome, and cosmetic surgery is sometimes considered (though often at extra cost).
  4. Nutritional needs: Because bariatric surgery reduces the amount of food eaten and absorbed, it can cause vitamin and mineral deficiencies. For example, patients may need extra vitamin D, calcium, iron, folate and vitamin B12. Doctors will prescribe daily vitamin supplements for life to prevent problems like anaemia or weak bones. Patients also learn to eat protein-rich foods and may have blood tests regularly to monitor nutrition.
  5. Lifestyle commitment: Bariatric surgery is not a “quick fix”. The operation causes weight loss, but patients must still commit to healthy eating and exercise habits to keep the weight off. If old habits return, some weight can come back over time. Patients must attend follow-up appointments and stick to the diet plan advised by their medical team. Success depends on this long-term commitment.

Heal Private – UK Bariatric Specialists

Heal Private is a UK healthcare provider specialising in bariatric (weight loss) surgery. We work with leading UK consultants, surgeons and healthcare professionals in obesity and weight management. Our network of experts provides high-quality care and support at every step – from initial consultation through surgery and aftercare. With Heal Private you can access the best UK bariatric surgeons and medical specialists to ensure safe and successful treatment. Contact Heal Private today to arrange an appointment and start your journey to healthier living.